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Measurement is an important subsystem of a mechatronics system, which is used to collect the information on the system statuses such as temperature, humidity, pressure, or proximity and feed it to the microprocessor(s) for controlling the system. Transducer A transducer is an essential part of any information processing system that operates in more than one physical domain such as optical, electrical, magnetic, thermal, and mechanical domains. A transducer in general is defined as a device that converts one form of energy into another using the transduction process. The transduction process or function represents the characteristics or properties of the device used for energy conversion.  For example, the diaphragm in a microphone converts vibrations generated by sound waves into electrical signals. This property of the diaphragm is represented as a transduction function or process. A  transducer has at least one input and one output. In the measurement system, information p...