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Comparison of hydraulic and pneumatic systems It is important to consider various points for comparing pneumatic systems with hydraulic systems such as power level, noise level, cleanliness, speed, accuracy, temperature effects, etc. Principal advantages and distinguishing characteristics of pneumatic and hydraulic systems are listed below: Availability: Air is available everywhere in unlimited quantities. Transport: Air and hydraulic fluid can be easily transported over large distances through pipelines. Storage: Compressed air can be stored in a reservoir and removed as required. Hydraulic oil can be stored in accumulators. Temperature: Compressed air is relatively sensitive to temperature fluctuations, whereas hydraulic fluids are relatively insensitive. Explosion-proof: Compressed air offers minimal risk of explosion or fire.  Cleanliness: Any unlubricated air which escapes through leaking pipes or components does not cause contamination. Components: The operating compon...

 Pneumatic Systems Pneumatic technology deals with the study of behavior and applications of compressed air in our daily life in general and manufacturing automation in particular.  Systems using compressed air for power transmission are called pneumatic systems. When air is compressed and stored, it can be used as a medium for carrying out mechanical work, measurement, and controlling and operating equipment and machines. Figure 1 shows how an extend and retract system can be implemented using pneumatics. Pneumatic systems use air (which is compressed) as the medium which is abundantly available in the atmosphere and can be easily exhausted into the atmosphere after completion of the assigned task. Figure 1. Key components of a typical pneumatic system            A pneumatic system essentially consists of following motor-driven compressor, air receiver;  directional control valve (DCV); pneumatic cylinder. Let us see the operation of ea...